Solar Street Lamp Illumination Control System

The microcomputer monitoring system of solar street lamp consists of several parts, including the microcomputer main control circuit, solar panels, battery charge controller and discharge controller, battery pack, LED light source driver, and LED lamps.

Basic Requirements for Solar Street Lamp Controller

• Adjust the brightness of the lights before and after nightfall, with the control ratio adjusted according to specific circumstances;

• Implement a single-side street light strategy, i.e., activate only one side of the street lights based on the remaining battery capacity, while the other side is turned off;

  
  

• Adopt a midnight light strategy, i.e., turn on the street lights for the first half of the night and turn them off for the second half, ensuring efficient use of battery power.

• The application of light control technology in the solar street lamp system is key to its long-term stable operation. The system's design must consider optimal matching of geographical location, weather conditions, and load situations to ensure optimal system capacity. However, seasonal changes can lead to reduced solar radiation in winter, thus reducing the power output of solar panels, while the electricity needed for night lighting increases. This imbalance affects the system's power balance. Therefore, with technological advancements, the control mode of solar lighting systems is continuously optimized to improve system efficiency and stability.

Solar Street Lamp Battery Charge and Discharge Control

Battery charge and discharge control is one of the core functions of the solar street lamp system, directly affecting system efficiency and battery group lifespan. Effective charge and discharge control can prevent overcharging or over-discharging of the battery pack, thus protecting its performance and long-term stable operation. Control methods include switch control and pulse width modulation (PWM) control. This system uses a pulse width modulation controller with MOS transistors as switching devices. On sunny days, an appropriate charging duty cycle is chosen based on the remaining battery capacity to ensure efficient charging; at night, the duty cycle is adjusted based on the remaining power and future weather predictions, flexibly adjusting LED brightness to ensure balanced battery usage.

Additionally, the system has battery overcharge protection. When the charging voltage exceeds the set value (15V), the system automatically lowers the charging voltage to the maintenance level (13.2V), and after falling to this level, it enters the float charging state. When the voltage falls below the maintenance level, the system shuts down the float charging function and enters the equalization charging state, ensuring the battery's long life and high performance.

Operation Mode Control Function of Solar Street Lamp

High brightness, high current LED lamps, due to their high energy efficiency, save about 90% more energy compared to traditional incandescent lamps. Therefore, they are widely used in urban lighting, gradually replacing traditional lighting fixtures.

Solar street lamp consist of multiple LED lamps connected in series, their brightness adjusted by PWM method. PWM signals are generated by a microcontroller to regulate the current intensity of the LED lamps, thereby controlling the lamp's brightness. The larger the duty cycle of the PWM (longer high-level time), the brighter the LED lamps, and vice versa. Using PWM to adjust the brightness of LED lamps is very flexible and convenient, currently one of the most widely used dimming technologies, with adjustable frequency ranges from tens of Hz to several thousand Hz.

Through the above detailed introduction, we hope you have a more comprehensive understanding of the design and operating principles of the solar street lamp lighting control system. When choosing a solar street light factory and using solar street lamp products, please consider the above key points to ensure the selection of high-performance, energy-efficient, and long-lasting quality products, contributing to urban energy saving and emission reduction.

Andy Cao

I’m Andy Cao, an energy engineer with over 16 years of hands-on experience in solar inverters, lithium battery energy storage, photovoltaic systems, and solar street lighting. I focus on real-world system performance and write to share practical, experience-based insights for professionals working in the solar energy industry.